ლექსემა პურის სინტაგმატურ-დერივაციული ველი

ანოტაცია

P’uri (პური) is a polisemic word. In modern Georgian, it denotes an everyday part of a meal baked out of wheat flour, and at the same time, it is also the name of the wheat plant, i.e., the annual plant whose grains are baked to supply this necessary component of the daily Georgian rations. Some scientists consider the lexeme under discussion here (found in the very first literary piece in Georgian) to be derived from the Greek word puros, but there are other scientists who do not agree with this opinion and think that it is of Georgian origin, basing their arguments on data from the Kartvelian languages.

We can see from the very first recognized literary piece in the Georgian language, “Shushanik’is Ts’ameba” („შუშანიკის წამება“, “The Martyrdom of Shushanik,” 5th century), that the word p’uri (პური) is one part of the two-component verbal syntagma p’uris ch’ama (პურის ჭამა, to have dinner or supper). We also encounter the word phrase in the same text— zhami p’urisay (ჟამი პურისაჲ, “time for having a meal”) — and in this structure, the word p’uri (პური) is equal to the word phrase p’uris ch’ama (პურის ჭამა), although in other old texts available, we can see a slight difference between these two units, namely, p’uris ch’ama (პურის ჭამა) can be interchanged with “have dinner or supper.” And as for the word p’uri (პური) itself, it is more frequently used as the so-called t’adzroba (ტაძრობა) and sma (სმა) or ts’veuleba (წვეულება) - party. This can be confirmed by a passage where p’uri (პური) is used to mean a party, with the attribute didi (დიდი, large): “Levi prepared p’uri didi (პური დიდი, a large party) for him, Jesus, in his house and there was also a gathering of some spies who were sitting there as table-companions” (The Gospel of Luke: 5-29, in Georgian, literal translation).

In the medieval Georgian poem Vepkhist’q’aosani („ვეფხისტყაოსანი“, The Knight in the Panther’s Skin,” 12th century), along with the expression p’uris ch’ama (პურის ჭამა) and p’uri (პური) we encounter a new unit p’uroba (პურობა) of the same root (meaning “having a party, hospitality.”) As linguistic evidence of the Georgians’ tradition of hospitality we should take note of the large number of definitions of units, i.e., the long row of words synonymous with p’uri (პური, “gathering, having a party, entertaining guests” and so on). Some units in the group are used to denote having a meal individually or with the whole family, as well as receiving and entertaining guests, e.g., seri (სერი), sadili (სადილი), and vakhshami (ვახშამი). But most such linguistic units mean something related to inviting guests and hosting them: t’adzroba (ტაძრობა), khadiloba (ხადილობა), st’umroba (სტუმრობა), ts’veuleba (წვეულება), darbazoba (დარბაზობა), lkhini (ლხინი), nadimi (ნადიმი) and keifi (ქეიფი). We have chosen the word p’uri  (პური) from the group because it is the oldest lexeme and it is also a word that contributes to the derivation of new words. The syntagmatic field of the lexeme p’uri (პური) as “a party” is described in the article. And brought forward as evidence are passages with context that show the way for creating the derivatives from the lexeme p’uri  (პური).