ენათა შერევის ტენდენცია ზანურ დარგობრივ ლექსიკაში

ანოტაცია

Collaboration in multi-language groups naturally results in mixed vocabularies.
Notable difference in Megrelian and Laz vocabularies is a result of influence of foreign languages (Turkish and Greek – for Laz and Russian and Abkhaz in different chronologies – for Megrelian).
The paper discusses the part of the Megrelian-Laz cattle-breeding vocabulary.
Influence of Greek language from ancient times and later of Turkish is obvious for Laz cattle-breeding vocabulary.
Similar development occurred in Megrelian language during past two centuries influenced by politically dominant Russian lan¬guage and Abkhazian language with rich cattle-breeding vocabulary.
The common Kartvelian stems and roots of the cattle-breading vocabulary are mainly preserved in Laz and Megrelian, but synonymic pairs consisting of borrowed words also occur. One can easily trace a dominant language influence in Laz:
Georg. baga, Megr. boga, Laz boga; jemluGi / jomluGi < Turk. yemlik – barn.
Georg. batkani, Megr. batki, Laz batki; kuzi < Turk. kuzu – lamb.
Georg. Gori, Megr. GeJi, Laz GeJi; domuzi < Turk. domuz – pig.
Georg. Kveli, Megr. Gvali, Laz Kvali / kvali / vali; finiri < Turk. peynir – cheese…
Similarly in Megrelian, there exist pairs or lexical items consisting of common Kartvelian and Abkhaz roots:
Georg. gazafxuli, Megr. gazarxuli; afuni < Abkh. aapǝn - spring.
Georg. (dail.) bigi / biga, Megr. biga; labaSa < Abkh. alabaSa – stick.
The common-Kartvelian forms, which occur in Georgian, Megrelian and partially in Svan, are often lost in Laz. Laz language “fills this loss" mainly with the Turkish (oriental) vocabulary:
Georg. berwi, Megr. buriyi, Svan br‚y, Laz kisiri < Turk. kisir – barren.
Georg. erbo, Megr. erbo / erbo, Laz jaGi < Turk. yağ - melted butter.
Georg. kravi, Megr. kiribi, Laz SiSeGi < Turk. şişek – lamb.
The analogous situation is in Megrelian, but in this case influence of Abkhazian is less intensive:
Georg. xseni, Laz cxeni, Megr. xiJaJa < Abkh. a-xJaJa - colostrum.
Georg. Tikani, Laz tikani, Megr. qvaSdi < Abkh. a-qaST ‒ goat kid.
The study should be done in integrity, not separating Megrelian and Laz, because valuable results of studies of interlanguage relations of Megrelian-Laz, with common Kartvelian and other languages, can be achieved only in this integrity.