გეოგრაფიული ტერმინოლოგიის ზოგი საკითხი ქართულში

ანოტაცია

This article examines a number of questions of Georgian geographical terminology. Particular attention is paid to certain functional affixes, above all the active suffix -et, which is used to form names of parts of the world (aghmosavleti, dasavleti, chrdiloeti, samkhreti – east, west, north, south) as well as ethnic-dialect regions (Svaneti, Tusheti, Imereti), and Geor¬gi¬an oikonyms
(Dusheti, Kiketi, Teleti). Depending on what they denote, terms referring to parts of the world, when used as adjectives, are differentiated by case: when combined with terms indicating poles, provinces, hemispheres they are in the nominative case, but when used with dimensional terms (longitude or latitude), they are in the genitive case (e.g. samkhreti polusi South Pole; chrdiloeti polusi North Pole, but dasavletis ganedi latitude west; aghmosavletis ganedi, latitude east). We find the same corre¬lation between the names of territories and of rivers: the first combination is in the nominative (dasavleti evropa Western Europe), but the second is in the genitive case (dasavletis dvina the Western Dvinaj.
The suffix -ob, when attached to geographical terms, indicates that a geographical object is diminished in physical size (vake, plain ‒ vakobi; veli, field ‒ velobi, etc). Of particular interest is the treatment in Georgian of Russian geographical terms with the affixes za ‒ 'e, po ‒'e and pri ‒ 'e. As examples of viable corresponding forms, we can point to, e.g.: amier-kavkasia Transcaucasia; imierpolareti the Arctic; imier¬kar¬pateti Trans¬car-pathia; volgispireti the Volga region; dnes¬tripireti the Dniester region; baltispireti the Baltics.