სამედიცინო ტერმინ-ეპონიმთა ჯგუფები და ფუნქციონირება ქართულში

ანოტაცია

A proper name is often turned into a basis for creating new terms in different scientific or technical fields. This method is especially common in medical terminology that is one of the signs of internationalization
of terms.

The medical eponyms are English, German, French, Italian, Russian and other surnames, but in rare cases they are derived from Georgian anthroponyms, e.g., turmanidzis malamo “Turmanidze ointment”,
tarkhnishvilis repleksi “Tarkhnishvili reflex”, tarkhnishvilis metodi
“Tarkhnishvili method”, viguru-tarkhnishvil-shark’os simp’t’omi “Viguru-
Tarkhnishvili-Sharko symptom”, Abuladzis kherkhi “Abuladze’s method”, q’ipshidzis simp’t’omi “Kipshidze symptom”, sarajishvilis mikstura “Sarajishvili mixture”, etc.

Eponyms should be studied according to several aspects, on the one
hand, with regard to their structural and semantic groups, on the other hand, the issues of functioning and adaptation.

In terms of the structure, there are mono and poly lexical eponyms, 
the main component of which is a proper name: a. A researcher’s or a doctor’s surname who discovered, studied, or described a disease; b. A patient’s surname who was first diagnosed a disease (Hartnup disease, HeLa
cells); c. A historical person’s or artist’s name or surname (the Hippocratic
face, Stendhal syndrome, Van Gogh syndrome), the names of mythological,
biblical, or literary characters (the Achilles reflex, Job syndrome, Oedipus complex, the Werther effect, Robin Hood syndrome, Munchausen syndrome); d. A geographical name where a disease is prevalent or first discovered (Stockholm syndrome, Paris syndrome, Jerusalem syndrome, Japanese encephalitis), etc.

A common name has a classifying function. We can distinguish several groups: the designations of organs or their parts, types of
pathologies and anomalies, reactions and reflexes, symptoms, syndromes,
viruses or microbes, diseases, treatment methods, medical equipment and medicines.