ქართული სამედიცინო ტერმინოლოგია და ზოგიერთი მოსაგვარებელი საკითხი

ანოტაცია

Medical terminology is characterized by diversity of the lexical units and it continues enriching intensively. The main feature is multiplity of the Latin and Greek terms and their usage as the basis for terms creation in other languages as well. The amount of the original Georgian medical terms is quite few. They mainly involve the vocabulary related with the human anatomy. The majority of the clinical terms (symptoms of diseases, names of syndromes) are of Greek origin, but they are regarded as international terms and because of practical needs, are often translated, thus enriching the terminological fund of the branch lexis.
For a long period of time medical specialists in Georgia used to exploit the terminology which had come to Georgian through Russian terminology, replicated concepts. All these jeopardized improving and implementing Georgian medical terminology. Nevertheless, due to the dedicated attempts of the Georgian scientists (I. Javakhishvili, S. Kau¬khchishvili, L. Kotetishvili, M. Shengelia, A. Natishvili, Z. Maisuradze, N. Kipshidze, I. Kutateladze, L. Abashidze, S. Abashidze, A. Abesadze, R.Dgebuadze and others) the Georgian terminological fund is today sufficiently enriched.
Parallel with the advance of Medicine, the branch terminological dictionaries have also been developed, containing great number of the new terms. We should note that more than 50 dictionaries were compiled in the area: explanatory, encyclopedia, translating, terminological and so on. This process is now speeding up but the qualified approach is needed. There are some problems in orthography, terminology and others. It is clear that only a representative of the medical branch, however skilled and educated, cannot resolve all the problems. Collaboration with linguists-terminologists is necessary. It can be easily verified by the orthographic dictionary of the medical terms, showing the basic directions of the development and existing problems (the expended version of such dictionary is already ready but still it could not be published so far).
The electronic reference dictionary of the medical terms orthography can be of certain help. It can be seen on the site www.medgeo.net. This orthographic dictionary is created within the project “Georgian Electronic Medical Encyclopedia”, the author Lali Dateshidze (On the early stage of work this group had some consultations with the author of the represented thesis). In this dictionary the rules of orthography are presented in the form of algorithm. Each algorithm is equipped with illustration examples, for which the corresponding link is given. We consider that the decision to process the frequency dictionary, on the texts basis of the “Georgian Electronic Medical Encyclopedia,” was right. The frequency data of the revealed mistakes have made the foundation for the mentioned electronic dictionary.
We think that analyzing the special texts, branch and electronic orthographic dictionaries, portrays some problems in the medical terminology, which should be arranged in the shortiest time possible, namely: improving the rules of transferring the Latin and Greek terms into Georgian (e.g. determining the correspondences for separate graphemes and consonant complexes); developing the unified principles for determining Georgian correspondences for the terms borrowed from English; specific considerations for abbreviations; solving some issues of word derivations (e.g. deriving terms with -ur suffix from the foreign terms; affixation of the nouns; linking vowels and derivations in the word-composites); overcoming the problems, resulting from non-homogeneous prefixoids and affixoids; developing the rules of transliterations for the names used in eponyms and so on.
Existing medical dictionaries allow us to distinguish the basic terminological forms and special terminological afixes (both foreign and Georgian affixoids, words with -ad affixes, participles with na- and sa- prefixes and others).